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Encyclopedia Britannica



COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 714 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CLI-COM
COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown) , the superior officer of a regiment of infantry or cavalry.; also an officer of corresponding rank in the general army
list
 . The colonelcy of a regiment formerly implied a proprietary, right in it. Whether the colonel commanded it directly in the field or not, he always superintended its finance and interior
economy
 , and the emoluments of the office, in the 18th century, were often the only form of pay
drawn
  by general officers. The general officers of the 17th and 18th centuries were invariably colonels of regiments, and in this case the active command was exercised by the
lieutenant
 -colonels. At the present day, British general officers are often, though not always, given the colonelcy of a regiment, which has become almost purely an honorary office. The sovereign, foreign sovereigns, royal princes and others, hold honorary colonelcies, as colonels-in-
chief
  or honorary colonels of many regiments. In other armies, the regiment being a fighting unit, the colonel is its active
commander
  ; in
Great
  Britain the
lieutenant
 -colonel commands in the field the battalion of infantry and the regiment of cavalry. Colonels are actively employed in the army at large in staff appointments, brigade commands, &c. extra-regimentally. Colonel-general, a rank formerly used in many armies, still survives in the German service, a colonel-general (General-Oberst) ranking between a general of infantry, cavalry or artillery, and a general field
marshal
  (General-Feldmarschall). Colonels-general are usually given the honorary rank of general field
marshal
 .


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