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Encyclopedia Britannica



CITHAERON

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 395 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHR-CLI
CITHAERON , now called from its pine forests Elatea, a famous
mountain
  range (4626) ft.) in the
south
  of Boeotia, separating that state from Megaris and Attica. It was famous in Greek mythology, and is frequently mentioned by the
great
  poets, especially by Sophocles. It was on Cithaeron that
Actaeon
  was changed into a stag, that
Pentheus
  was torn to pieces by the Bacchantes whose orgies he had been watching, and that the infant
Oedipus
  was exposed. This
mountain
 , too, was the scene of the mystic
rites
  of Dionysus, and the festival of the Daedala in honour of Hera. The carriage-road from Athens to Thebes crosses the range by a picturesque defile (the pass of Dryoscephalae, " Oak-heads "), which was at one time guarded on the Attic side by a strong fortress, the ruins of which are known as Ghyphto-kastro (" Gipsy Castle "). Plataea is situated on the north slope of the mountain, and the
strategy
  of the battle of 499 B.C. was considerablyaffected by the fact that it was necessary for the Greeks to keep their communications open by the passes (see PLATAEA). The best known of these is that of Dryoscephalae, which must then, as now, have been the direct route from Athens to Thebes. Two other passes, farther to the west, were crossed by the roads from Plataea to Athens and to
Megara
  respectively. (E. GR.)


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