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Encyclopedia Britannica



CIRCE (Gr. Kiprcrl)

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 381 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHR-CLI
CIRCE (Gr. Kiprcrl) , in Greek legend, a famous sorceress, the daughter of Helios and the ocean nymph Perse. Having murdered her husband, the prince of Colchis, she was expelled by her subjects and placed by her father on the solitary
island
  of Aeaea on the
coast
  of Italy. She was able by means of drugs and incantations to
change
  human beings into the forms of wolves or lions, and with these beings her palace was surrounded. Here she was found by Odysseus and his companions; the latter she changed into swine, but the hero, protected by the herb moly (q.v.), which he had received from Hermes, not only forced her to restore them to their
original
  shape, but also gained her love. For a year he relinquished himself to her endearments, and when he determined to leave, she instructed him how to sail to the land of shades which lay on the verge of the ocean stream, in order to learn his fate from the prophet Teiresias. Upon his return she also gave him directions for avoiding the dangers of the journey
home
  (
Homer
 , Odyssey, x.xii.; Hyginus, Fab. 125). The Roman poets associated her with the most ancient traditions of Latium, and assigned her a
home
  on the promontory of Circei (Virgil, Aeneid, vii. ro). The metamorphoses of Scylla and of Picus, king of the Ausonians, by Circe, are narrated in Ovid (Metamorphoses, xiv.).
The Myth of
Kirke
 , by R. Brown (18&3), in which Circe is explained as a moon-goddess of Babylonian origin, contains an exhaustive summary of facts, although many of the author's speculations maybe proved untenable (
review
  by H. Bradley in
Academy
 , January 19, 1884) ; see also J. E. Harrison, Myths of the Odyssey (1882) ; C. Seeliger in W. H. Roscher's Lexikon der Mythologie.


End of Article: CIRCE (Gr. Kiprcrl)


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