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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHROMITE

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 296 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHR-CLI
CHROMITE , a member of the spinel group of minerals; an
oxide
  of chromium and ferrous iron, FeCr2O4. It is also known as chromic iron or as chrome-iron-ore, and is the
chief
  commercial source of chromium and its compounds. It crystallizes in regular octahedra, but is usually found as grains or as granular to compact masses. In its iron-black colour with submetallic lustre and absence of cleavage it resembles magnetite (magnetic iron-ore) in appearance, but differs from this in being only slightly if at all magnetic and in the brown colour of its powder. The hardness is 51; specific gravity 4.5. The theoretical
formula
  FeCr2O4 corresponds with chromic
oxide
  (Cr203) 68%, and ferrous oxide 32%; the ferrous oxide is, however, usually partly replaced by
magnesia
 , and the chromic oxide by alumina and ferric oxide, so that there may be a gradual passage to picotite or chromespinel. Much of the material
mined
  as ore does not contain more than 40 to 50% of chromic oxide. In the form of isolated grains the
mineral
  is a characteristic constituent of ultrabasic igneous rocks, namely the peridotites and the serpentines which have resulted from their alteration. It is also found under similar conditions in meteoric stones and irons. Often these rocks enclose large segregated masses of granular chromite. The earliest worked deposits were those in the serpentine of the Bare Hills near
Baltimore
 , Maryland, U.S.A.; it was also formerly extensively
mined
  in
Lancaster
  county,
Pennsylvania
 , and is now mined in California, as well as in Turkey, the Urals, Dun Mountain near Nelson in New Zealand, and Unst in the Shetlands.
Chrome-iron-ore is largely used in the preparation of chromium compounds for use as pigments (chrome-yellow, &c.) and in calico-printing; it is also used in the manufacture of chrome-steel. (L. J. S.)


End of Article: CHROMITE


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