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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHRISTCHURCH

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 274 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHR-CLI
CHRISTCHURCH , a city near the
east
 
coast
  of
South
  Island, New Zealand, to the north of Banks Peninsula, in Selwyn county, the
capital
  of the provincial
district
  of Canterbury and the seat of a bishop. Pop. (1906) 49,928; including suburbs, 67,878. It stands upon the
great
  Canterbury plain, which here is a dead level, though the monotony of the site has been much relieved by extensive plantations of English and Australian trees. A back-ground is supplied by the distant mountains to the west, and by the nearer hills to the
south
 . The small river Avon winds through the city, pleasantly bordered by terraces and gardens. The wide streets
cross
  one another for the most part at right angles. The predominance of stone and brick as building materials, the dominating cathedral spire, and the well-planted parks, avenues and private gardens, recall the aspect of an English residential town. Christchurch is mainly dependent on the rich agricultural
district
  which surrounds it, the plain being mainly devoted to cereals and grazing. Wool is extensively worked, and meat is frozen for export. Railways connect with Culverden to the north and with Dunedin and the south
coast
 , with many branches through the agricultural districts; also with Lyttelton, the port of Christchurch, 8 m. S.E. There are tramways in the city, and to New Brighton, a seaside suburb, and other residential quarters. The principal public buildings are the government buildings and the museum, with its fine collection of remains of the
extinct
  bird, moa. The cathedral is the best in New Zealand, built from designs of Sir G. Gilbert Scott in Early English style, with a tower and spire 240 ft. high. Among educational foundations are Canterbury College (for classics, science, engineering, &c.), Christ's College (mainly theological) and grammar school, and a school of art. There is a Roman Catholic pro-cathedral attached to a convent of the Sacred Heart. A large extent of open ground, to the west of the town, finely planted, and traversed by the river, comprises Hagley Park, recreation grounds, the Government Domain and the grounds of the Acclimatization Society, with fish-ponds and a small zoological garden. The foundation of Christchurch is connected with the so-called " Canterbury Pilgrims," who settled in this district in r85o. Lyttelton was the
original
 
settlement
 , but Christchurch came into existence in 1851, and is thus the latest of the settlements of the colony. It became a municipality in 1862. In 1903 several populous suburban boroughs were amalgamated with the city.


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