CHOISEUL, CESAR

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 261 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHA-CHR

CHOISEUL, CESAR , Duc DE (16021675), French

marshal

MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

and diplomatist, generally known for the best part of his life , as the

marshal

MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

du Plessis-Praslin, came of the old French family of Choiseul, which arose in the valley of the Upper Marne in the loth century and divided into many branches, three of the names of which, Hostel, Praslin and du Plessis, were borne, at one time or another, by the subject of this article. Entering the army at the age of fourteen as proprietary colonel of an infantry

regiment

REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

, he shared in almost all the exploits of the French arms during the reign of Louis XIII. He took part in the siege of La Rochelle, assisted to defend the

island

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

of Re against the attacks of the English under the duke of Buckingham, and accompanied the French forces to Italy in 1629. In 1630 he was appointed

ambassador

AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

at the court of the duke of Savoy, and was engaged in diplomatic and administrative

work

WORK

in Italy until 1635, when war was declared between France and Spain. In the war that followed Plessis-Praslin distinguished himself in various battles and sieges in Italy, including the action called the " Route de Quiers " and the celebrated four-cornered operations round Turin. In 164o he was made

governor

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

of Turin, and in 1642

lieutenant

LIEUTENANT

-general, and after further service in Italy he was made a marshal of France (1645) and appointed second in command in Catalonia. During the first War of the Fronde, which broke out in 1649, he assisted

Conde

in the brief siege of Paris; and in the second war, remaining loyal to the queen regent and the court party, he won his greatest

triumph

TRIUMPH (triumphus)

in defeating

Turenne

TURENNE, HENRI DE LA TOUR

and the allied Spaniards and rebels at Rethel (or Blanc-Champ) in 165o. He then held highoffice at the court of Louis XIV., became minister of state in 1652, and in November 1665 was created duc de Choiseul. He was concerned in some of the negotiations between Louis and Charles II. of England which led to the treaty of Dover, and died in Paris on the 23rd of December 1675.

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