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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHLORPICRIN (Nitrochloroform)

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 257 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHA-CHR
CHLORPICRIN (Nitrochloroform) , CNO2CI3, the product of the
distillation
  of many nitro compounds (picric acid, nitro-methane, &c.) with bleaching powder; it can also be prepared by the action of concentrated nitric acid on chloral or chloroform. A. W. von Hofmann (Anualen, 1866, 139, p. 111) mixed 10 parts of bleaching powder into a paste with cold water and added a solution (saturated at 3o C.) of 1
part
  of picric acid. A violent reaction is set up and the chlorpicrin distils over, generally without the necessity for any external
heating
 . It is a colourless liquid of boiling-point 112 C., and of specific gravity 1.692. It is almost insoluble in water, but is readily soluble in
alcohol
 ; it has a
sharp
  smell, and its vapour affects the eyes very powerfully.
Iron
  filings and acetic acid reduce it to trimethylamine, whilst alcoholic ammonia converts it into
guanidine
 , HN:C(NH2)2, and sodium ethylate into ortho-carbonic. ester, C(OC2H5)4 The corresponding brompicrin is also known.


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