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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHIVALRY (O. Fr. chevalerie, from Late Lat. caballerius)

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 253 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHA-CHR
CHIVALRY (O. Fr. chevalerie, from Late Lat. caballerius) , the knightly class of feudal times, possessing its own code of rules, moral and social (see
KNIGHTHOOD
  AND
CHIVALRY
 ). The primary sense in the middle ages is " knights " or " fully armed and mounted fighting men." Thence the term came to mean that gallantry in battle and high sense of honour in general expected of knights. Thus " to do
chivalry
  " was a medieval phrase for " to act the knight." Lastly, the word came to be used in its present very general sense of " courtesy." In English law chivalry meant the
tenure
  of land by knights' service. It was a service due to the crown, usually
forty
  days' military attendance annually. The Court of Chivalry was a court instituted by
Edward
  III., of which the lord high constable and
earl
 
marshal
  of England were
joint
  judges. When both sat the court had summary criminal
jurisdiction
  as regards all offences committed by knights, and generally as to military matters. When the
earl
 
marshal
  alone presided, it was a court of honour deciding as to precedence, coats of arms, &c. This court sat for the last time in 1737. The heraldic side of its duties are now vested in the earl marshal as head of the Heralds' College.


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