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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHIRU

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 247 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHA-CHR
CHIRU , a graceful Tibetan antelope (Pantholops Hodgsoni), of which the bucks are armed with
long
 , slender and heavily-ridged horns of an altogether
peculiar
  type, while the does are hornless. Possibly this handsome antelope may be the
original
  of the mythical unicorn, a single buck when seen in profile looking exactly as if it had but one
long
  straight horn. Although far from uncommon, chiru are very wary, and consequently difficult to approach. They are generally found in small parties, although occasionally in herds. They inhabit the desolate
plateau
  of Tibet, at elevations of between 13,000 and r8,000 ft., and, like all Tibetan animals, have a firm thick coat; formed in this instance of close woolly
hair
  of a grey fawn-colour. The most
peculiar
  feature about the chiru is, however, its swollen, puffy nose, which is probably connected with breathing a highly rarefied atmosphere. A second antelope inhabiting the same country as the chiru is the goa (Gazella picticaudata), a member of the gazelle group characterized by the peculiar form of the horns of the bucks and certain features of coloration, whereby it is markedly distinguished from all its kindred save one or two other central Asian species. The chiru, which belongs to the typical or antilopine section of antelopes, is probably allied to
the saiga. (R. L.*) CHIRURGEON, one whose profession it is to cure disease by
operating with the hand. The word in its
original
  form is now obsolete. It derives from the Mid. Eng. cirurgien or sirurgien, through the Fr. from the Gr. Xetpovpy6s, one who operates with the hand (from Xeip, hand, epyov,
work
 ); from the early form is derived the modern word " surgeon." " Chirurgeon " is a 16th
century
  reversion to the Greek origin. (See SURGERY.)


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