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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHINCHEW, or CHINCHU

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 232 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHA-CHR
CHINCHEW, or CHINCHU , the name usually given in English charts to an ancient and famous port of China in the province of Fu-kien, of which the Chinese name is Ch'uanchow fu or Ts'uanchow fu. It stands in 24 571 N., 118 35' E. The walls have a circuit of 7 or 8 m., but embrace much vacant ground. The
chief
  exports are tea and
sugar
 , tobacco, china-
ware
 , nankeens, &c. There are remains of a fine mosque, founded by the Arab traders who resorted thither. The English Presbyterian Mission has had a chapel in the city since about 1862. Beyond the northern branch of the Min (several miles from the city) there is a suburb called Loyang, approached by the most celebrated
bridge
  in China.
Ch'uanchaw, owing to the obstruction of its harbour by sand banks, has been supplanted as a port by
Amoy
 , and its
trade
  is carried on through the port of Nganhai. It is still, however, a large and populous city. It was in the middle ages the
great
  port of Western
trade
  with China, and was known to the Arabs and to Europeans asZaitun orZayton, the name under which it appears in Abulfeda's geography and in the Mongol history of Rashiddudin, as well as in Ibn Batuta,Marco Polo and other medieval travellers. Some argument has been alleged against the identity of Zayton with Ch'uanchow, and in favour of its being rather Changchow (a
great
  city 6o m. W.S.W. of Ch'uanchow), or a port on the river of Changchow near
Amoy
 . " Port of Zayton may have embraced the great basin called Amoy Harbour, the
chief
 
part
  of which lies within the Fu or department of Ch'iianchow; but there is hardly room for doubt that the Zayton of Marco Polo and Abulfeda was the Ch'uanchow of the Chinese. Ibn Batuta in-forms us that a
rich
 
silk
  texture made here was called Zaituniya; and there can be little doubt that this is the real origin of the word " Satin," Zettani in medieval Italian, Aceytuni in Spanish.


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