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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHILBLAINS (or KisE; Erythema pernio)

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 134 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHA-CHR
CHILBLAINS (or KisE; Erythema pernio) , a mild form of frostbite, affecting the fingers or toes and other parts, and causing a painful inflammatory swelling, with redness and itching of the affected
part
 . The
chief
  points to be noticed in its
aetiology
  are (1) that the lesions occur in the extremities of the circulation, and (2) that they are usually started by rapid changes from heat to cold or vice versa. The treatment is both general and local. In the general treatment, if a history of blanching fingers (fingers or hands going " dead ") can be obtained, the
chilblains
  may be regarded as mild cases of Raynaud's disease, and these improve markedly under a course of nitrites. Cardiac tonics are often helpful, especially in those cases where there is some attendant lesion of the heart. But the
majority
  of cases improve wonderfully on a good course of a
calcium
  salt, e.g.
calcium
  lactate or chloride; fifteen grains three times a day will answer in most cases. The patient should
wash
  in soft tepid water, and avoid extremes of heat and cold. In the local treatment, two drugs are of
great
  value in the early congestive stageichthyol and formalin. Ichthyol, 10 to 20% in lanoline spread on linen and worn at night, often dispels an attack at the beginning. Formalin is equally efficacious, but requires more skill in its use. It can be used as an ointment, 10 to 5o % fordelicate skins, stronger for coarser skins. It should be replaced occasionally by lanoline. If the stage of ulceration has been reached, a paste made from the following
prescription
 , spread thickly on linen and frequently changed, soon cures:Hydrarg. ammoniat. gr. v., ichthyol Ili,x, pulveris zinci oxidi 3 iv, vaseline ss.


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