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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHIAVENNA (anc. Clavenna)

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 118 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHA-CHR
CHIAVENNA (anc. Clavenna) , a town of Lombardy, Italy, in the province of Sondrio, 17 M. by rail N. of Colico which lies at the N. end of the lake of Como. Pop. (19o1) town 3140, commune 4732. It is well situated on the right bank of the Meta, at the mouth of the Val Bregaglia, through which the road to the Maloja Pass and the Engadine runs to the
east
 . This line was partly followed by a Roman road, which at Casaccia, just below the last ascent to the Maloja Pass, diverged to the N. by the Septimer Pass, joining the Julier route to
Coire
  (anc. Curia) at Stalla. The Splugen route, which was also used by the Romans, runs N. from Chiavenna to
Coire
 : the modern road was constructed by the Austrians in 1819-1821. Chiavenna is crowned by a ruined castle, once an important strategic point, and the seat of the
counts
  who ruled the valley from the time of the Goths till 1194, when the
district
  was handed over to the bishops of Coire. In the 14th century the Visconti, having become masters of the Valtellina, bought the " county " (contado or contea) of Chiavenna from the bishop of Coire; but it was taken by the
canton
  of the Grisons in 1525, and the castle dismantled. In 1797 Chiavenna became part of the Cisalpine republic, and thenceforward followed the fortunes of Lombardy. The church of S. Lorenzo is
baroque
  in style, but its
baptistery
  contains a font of 1206 with reliefs. Chiavenna has
cotton
  factories and breweries, and is a depot for the wine of the
district
 .


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