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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHERCHEN

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 83 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHA-CHR
CHERCHEN , a town of
East
 
Turkestan
 , situated at the northern foot of the Altyn-tagh, a range of the Kuen-lun, in 85 35' E., and on the Cherchen-darya, at an altitude of 4100 ft. It straggles mostly along the irrigation channels that go off from the left side of the river, and in 19oo had a
population
  of about 2000. The Cherchen-darya, which rises in the Arka-tagh, a more southerly range of the Kuen-lun, in 87 E. and 36 20' N., flows north until it strikes the desert below Cherchen, after which it turns north-
east
  and meanders through a wide bed (300-400 ft.), beset with dense reeds and flanked by older channels. It is probable that anciently it entered the disused channel of the Ettek-tarim, but at present it joins the existing Tarim in the lake of Kara-buran, a sort of lacustrine " ante-room " to the Kara-koshun (N. M. Przhevalsky's Lop-nor). At its entrance into the former lake the Cherchen-darya forms a broad
delta
 . The river is frozen in its lower course for two to three months in the winter. From the foot of the mountains to the
oasis
  of Cherchen it has a fall of nearly 4000 ft., whereas in the 300 M. or so from Cherchen to the Kara-buran the fall is 140C ft. The
total
  length is 5oo-600 m., and the drainage basin
measures
  6000-7000 sq. m.
See Sven Hedin, Scientific Results of a Journey in Central
Asia
 , 7899-1902, vols. i. and ii. (19051906); also TAKLA-MAKAN.


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