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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHATELAIN (Med. Lat. castellanus, from castellum, a castle)

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 964 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHA-CHR
CHATELAIN (Med. Lat. castellanus, from castellum, a castle) , in France originally merely the equivalent of the English castellan, i.e. the
commander
  of a castle. With the growth of the feudal
system
 , however, the title gained in France a
special
  significance which it never acquired in England, as implying the
jurisdiction
  of which the castle became the centre. The chdtelain was originally, in Carolingian times, an official of the
count
 ; with the development of feudalism the office became a fief, and so ultimately hereditary. In this as in other respects the chatelain was the equivalent of the viscount (q.v.); sometimes the two titles were combined, but more usually in those provinces where there were chatelains there were no viscounts, and vice versa. The title chatelain continued also to be applied to the inferior officer, or concierge ch&telain, who was merely a castellan in the English sense. The power and status of chatelains necessarily varied greatly at different periods and places. Usually their rank in the feudal hierarchy was equivalent to that of the simple sire (
dominus
 ), between the baron and the chevalier; but occasionally they were
great
  nobles with an extensive
jurisdiction
 , as in the Low Countries (see
BURGRAVE
 ). This variation was most marked in the cities, where in the struggle for power that of the chatelain depended on the success with which he could assert himself against his feudal superior, lay or ecclesiastical, or, from the 12th century onwards, against the rising power of the communes. The chdtellenie (castellania), or jurisdiction of the chatelain, as a territorial division for certails judicial and administrative purposes, survived the disappearance of the title and office of the chatelain in France, and continued till the Revolution.
See Achille
Luchaire
 , Manuel des institutions francaises (Paris, 1892) ; Du Cange, Glossarium, s. " Castellanus."


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