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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHASSEPOT

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 957 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHA-CHR
CHASSEPOT , officially " fusil modele 1866," a military breech-loading rifle, famous as the arm of the French forces in the Franco-German War of 1870-71. It was so called after its inventor,
Antoine
  Alphonse Chassepot (1833-1905), who, from 1857 on-wards, had constructed various experimental forms of breech-loader, and it became the French service weapon in 1866. In the following year it made its first
appearance
  on the battlefield at Mentana (November 3rd, 1867), where it inflicted severe losses upon Garibaldi's troops. In the war of 1870 it proved very greatly superior to the German needle-gun. The breech was closed by a bolt very similar to those of more modern rifles, and amongst the technical features of
interest
  were the method of obturation, which was similar in principle to the de Bange obturator for heavy guns (see ORDNANCE), and the retention of the
paper
  cartridge. The
principal
  details of the chassepot are:
weight
  of rifle, 9 lb 5 oz.; length with bayonet, 6 ft. 2 in.; calibre, 433 in.;
weight
  of
bullet
  (lead), 386 grains; weight of charge (black powder), 86.4 grains; muzzle velocity, 1328 f.s.; sighted to 1312 yds. (1200 M.). The chassepot was replaced in 1874 by the Gras rifle, which had a metal cartridge, and all rifles of the older model remaining in
store
  were converted to take the same ammunition (fusil modele 1866/74) .


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