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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHARNAY, (CLAUDE JOSEPH) DESIRE (1828 )

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 947 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CHA-CHR
CHARNAY, (CLAUDE JOSEPH) DESIRE (1828 ) , French traveller and archaeologist, was born in Fleurie (Rhone), on the 2nd of May 1828. He studied at the Lycee Charlemagne, in 185o became a teacher in New Orleans, Louisiana, and there became acquainted with John
Lloyd
  Stephens's books of travel in Yucatan. He travelled in
Mexico
 , under a commission from the French ministry of education, in 18571861; in Madagascar in 1863; in South America, particularly Chile and Argentina, in 1875; and in Java and Australia in 1878. In 188o1883 he again visited the ruined cities of
Mexico
 . Pierre Lorillard of New
York
  contributed to defray the expense of this expedition, and Charnay named a
great
  ruined city near the Guatemalan boundary line Ville Lorillard in his honour. Charnay went to Yucatan in 1886. The more important of his publications are Le Mexique, souvenirs et impressions de voyage (1863), being his personal report on the expedition of 185761, of which the official report is to be found in Viollet-le-Duc's Cites et ruines americaines: Mitla, Palenque, Izamal, Chichen-Itza, Uxmal (1863), vol. 19 of Recueil des voyages et des documents; Les Anciennes Villes du Nouveau Monde (1885; English translation, The Ancient Cities of the New World, 1887, by Mmes. Gonino and Conant); a romance, Une Princesse indienne avant la conquete (1888); A travers les forts vierges (1890); and Manuscrit Ramirez: Histoire de l'origine des Indiens qui habitent la Nouvelle Espagne selon leurs traditions (1903). He translated Cortez's letters into French, under the title Lettres de Fernand
Cortes
  d Charles-quint sur la decouverte et la conquete du Mexique (1896). He elaborated a theory of Toltec migrations and considered the prehistoric Mexican to be of Asiatic origin, because of observed similarities to Japanese architecture, Chinese decoration, Malaysian language and Cambodian dress, &c.


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