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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHARLES

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 703 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAU-CHA
CHARLES , 4th duke of Guise (15711640), was imprisoned for three years after his father's death. He married Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse, widow of the duke of Montpensier. His eldest son predeceased him, and he was succeeded by his second son
HENRY
  (16141664), who had been archbishop of Reims, but renounced the ecclesiastical estate and became 5th duke. He made an attempt (1647) on the crown of Naples, and was a prisoner in Spain from 1648 to 1652. A second expedition to Naples in 1654 was a fiasco. He was succeeded by his nephew, Louis JosEPH (1650-1671), as 6th duke. With his son, FRANCIS JOSEPH (167o-1675), the line failed; and the title and estates passed to his
great
 -aunt, Marie of Lorraine, duchess of Guise
2 Philippe-Emmanuel of Lorraine, duke of Mercoeur, a cadet of Lorraine and brother of Louise de Vaudemont,
Henry
  Ill.'s queen. His wife, Mary of Luxemburg, descended from the dukes of Brittany, and he was made
governor
  of the province in 1582. He aspired to separate sovereignty, and called his son prince and duke of Brittany.
Rene II. (who united the two branches of the
house
  of Lorraine), duke of Lorraine, and Philippa of Gelderland,' had (besides two older boys who died in childhood, and' four unmarried daughters)
Antoine, Claude,
duke of Lorraine, 1st duke of Guise,
1'1544, t1550,
ancestor of the dukes of =Antoinette of Bourbon.
Lorraine and the
house
 
of Mercceur.
John,
1st cardinal of Lorraine.
Ferri, Louis, Francis,
killed at Marignano. killed at Naples. killed at Pavia.
Louis,
1st cardinal of Guise,
1'1578
Fralncis, Charles,
2nd duke of Guise, 2nd cardinal of Lorraine,
t1563, 1'1574. =Anne of Este.
Claude,
marquis of Mayenne
and duke of
Aumale
 ,
1'1573,
Louise de Brezk.
Charles,
duke of
Aumale
 ,
t163I.
Francis, Rene, grand prior. marquis of Elbeuf, fi566.
Charles,
duke of Elbeuf,
f16o5.
Marie = And five others. (I) duke of Longueville,
(2) James V. of Scotland.
Mary tuart, queen of Scots.
And five others.
Henry,
3rd duke, 1'1588=Cather-
ine of Cleves
(and had 14 children),Charles,
duke of Mayenne,
f161I.
Henry,
duke of Mayenne,
f162I.
Louis, Catherine =
2nd cardinal of Guise, Louis de Bourbon,
f 1588. duke of Montpensier.
Charles,
4th duke of Guise,
t 164o.
Claude,
duke of Chevreuse,
= Marie de Rohan,
widow of the duke of Luynes.
Henry,
archbishop of Reims,
and 5th duke,
t1664.'
Marie,
called Mlle. de Guise, succeeded to the duchy in 1675 and sold her rights to Louis
Augustus
 , duke of Maine.
Louis,
3rd cardinal of Guise,
t162I.
s
And eleven more.
Louis, And eight more. chevalier of Guise and
duke of Joyeuse,
1'1654.
Louis-Joseph,
6th duke of Guise,
t l'571.
Francis-Joseph,
7th and last duke of Guise,
t I675
(1615-1688), daughter of the 4th duke, and with her the title after their introduction from Italy in 1788 by the duchess Amalie became extinct. The title is now vested in the family of the of
Weimar
 . Otto i states that it was Capellmeister Naumann of Bourbon-Orleans princes. Dresden who requested him to make him a guitar with six strings by adding the low E, a spun wire
string
 . The
original
  guitar brought from Italy by the duchess Amalie had five strings,2 the lowest A being the only one covered with wire. Otto also covered the D in order to increase the fulness of the tone. In Spain six-stringed guitars and vihuelas were known in the 16th century; they are described by Juan Bermudo 3 and others.' The lowest
string
  was tuned to G. Other' Spanish guitars of the same period had four, five er seven strings or courses of strings in pairs of unisons. They were always


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