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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHARD

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 857 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAU-CHA
CHARD , a market town and municipal borough in the Southern parliamentary division of Somersetshire, England, 1422 m. W. by S. of London by the London &
South
  Western railway. Pop. (1901) 4437 It stands on high ground within 1 m. of the Devonshire border. Its cruciform parish church of St Mary the Virgin is Perpendicular of the 15th century. A fine
east
  window is preserved. The manufactures include linen, lace, woollens, brassware and ironware. Chard is governed by a mayor, 4 aldermen and 12 councillors. Area, 444 acres.
Chard (Cerdre, Cherdre, Cherde) was commercial in origin, being a
trade
  centre near the Roman road to the west. There are two Roman villas in the parish. There was a British camp at Neroche in the neighbourhood. The
bishop
  of Bath held Chard in 1086, and his successor granted in 1234 the first charter which made Chard a free borough, each burgage paying a rent of 12d.
Trade
  in hides was forbidden to non-burgesses. This charter was confirmed in 1253, 1280 and 1285. Chard is said to have been incorporated by Elizabeth, as the
corporation
  seal
dates
  from 1570, but no Elizabethan charter can be found. It was incorporated by grant of Charles I. in 1642, and Charles II. gave a charter in 1683. Chard was a mesne borough, the first overlord being
Bishop
  Joceline, whose successors held it (with a brief
interval
  from 1545 to 1552) until 18o1, when it was sold to
Earl
  Poulett. Parliamentary representation began in 1312, and was lost in 1328. A market on Monday and
fair
  on the 25th of July were granted in 12J3, and confirmed in 1642 and 1683, when two more
fair
  days were added (November 2 and May 3), the market being changed to Tuesday. The market day is now Monday, fairs being held on the first Wednesday in May, August and November, for corn and cattle only, their medieval importance as centres of the cloth trade having departed.


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