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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHARCOT, JEAN MARTIN (1825-1893)

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 857 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAU-CHA
CHARCOT, JEAN MARTIN (1825-1893) , French physician, was born in Paris on the 27th of November 1825. In 1853 he graduated as M.D. of Paris University, and three years later was appointed physician of the Central
Hospital
 
    See Also:
Bureau. In 186o he became professor of pathological anatomy in the medical faculty of Paris, and in 1862 began that famous connexion with the Salpetriere which lasted to the end of his
life
 . He was elected to the
Academy
  of
Medicine
  in 1873, and ten years afterwards became a member of the Institute. His death occurred suddenly on the 16th of August 1893 at Morvan, where he had gone for a holiday. Charcot, who was a good linguist and well acquainted with the literature of his own as well as of other countries, excelled as a clinical observer and a pathologist. His
work
  at the Salpetriere exerted a
great
  influence on the development of the science of neurology, and his classical Lecons sur les maladies du
systcme nerveux, the first
series
  of which was published in 1893, represents an enormous advance in the knowledge and discrimination of
nervous
  diseases. He also devoted much attention to the study of obscure morbid conditions like hysteria, especially in relation to hypnotism (q.v.); indeed, it is in connexion with his investigation into the phenomena and results of the latter that his name is popularly known. In addition to his labours on neurological and even physiological problems he made many contributions to other branches of
medicine
 , his published works dealing, among other topics, with
liver
  and kidney diseases, gout and pulmonary phthisis. As a teacher he was remarkably successful, and always commanded an enthusiastic band of followers.


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