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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHAPPE, CLAUDE (176318o5)

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 854 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAU-CHA
CHAPPE, CLAUDE (176318o5) , French engineer, was born at Brulon (Sarthe) in 1763. He was the inventor of an optical telegraph which was widely used in France until it was superseded by the electric telegraph. His device consisted of an upright post, on the top of which was fastened a transverse bar, while at the ends of the latter two smaller arms moved on pivots. The position of these bars represented words or letters; and by means of machines placed at intervals such that each was distinctly visible from the next, messages could be conveyed through, 5o leagues in a
quarter
  of an hour. The
machine
  was adopted by the Legislative Assembly in 1792, and in the following year
Chappe
  was appointed ingenieur-telegraphe; but the originality of his invention was so much questioned that he was seized with
melancholia
  and (it is said) committed suicide at Paris in 18o5.
His elder brother, Ignace Urbain
Jean
 
Chappe
  (17601829), took
part
  in the invention of the telegraph, and with a younger brother, Pierre Francois, from 18o5 to 1823 was
administrator
  of the telegraphs, a post which was also held by two other
brothers
 , Rene and Abraham, from 1823 to 1830. Ignace was the author of a Histoire de la telegraphie (1824). An uncle,
Jean
  Chappe d'Auteroche (17281769), was an astronomer who observed two transits of
Venus
 , one in
Siberia
  in 1761, and the other in 1769 in California, where he died.


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