CHANGRA, or KANGHARI (anc. Gangra; called also till the time of Caracalla, Germanicopolis, after the emperor Claudius)

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 840 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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CHANGRA, or KANGHARI (anc. Gangra; called also till the time of Caracalla, Germanicopolis, after the emperor Claudius) , the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

town of a "sanjak of the same name in the Kastamuni vilayet, Asia

Minor

, situated in a rich, well-watered valley; altitude 2500 ft. The ground is impregnated with salt, and the town is unhealthy. Pop. (1894) 15,632, of whom 1o86 are Christians (Cuinet). Gangra, the

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

of the Paphlagonian kingdom of Deiotarus Philadelphus, son of Castor, was taken into the Roman province of Galatia on his death in 65 B.C. The earlier town, the name of which signified " she-goat," was built on the hill behind the modern city, on which are the ruins of a

late

LATE

fortress; while the Roman city occupied the site of the modern. In Christian times Gangra was the metropolitan see of Paphlagonia. In the 4th century the town was the scene of an important ecclesiastical synod.
Synod of Gangra.Conjectures as to the date of this synod vary from 341 to 376. All that can, be affirmed with certainty is that it was held about the middle of the 4th century. The synodal

letter

LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

states that twenty-one bishops assembled to take action concerning Eustathius (of Sebaste?) and his followers, who contemned

marriage

MARRIAGE

, disparaged the offices of the church, held conventicles of their own, wore a peculiar dress, denounced riches, and affected especial sanctity. The synod condemned the Eustathian practices, declaring however, with remarkable moderation, that it was not virginity that was condemned, but the dishonouring of

marriage

MARRIAGE

; not poverty, but the disparagement of honest and benevolent wealth; not asceticism, but spiritual

pride

PRIDE,
THOMAS
(d. 1658)

; not individual piety, but dishonouring the

house

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

of God. The twenty canons of Gangra were declared ecumenical by the council of Chalcedon, 451.
See Mansi ii. pp. 1095-1122; Hardouin i. pp. 530-540; Hefele 2nd ed., i. pp. 777 sqq. (English trans. ii. pp. 325 sqq.).

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