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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ")

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 832 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAU-CHA
CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ") , an accident or event, a phenomenon which has no apparent or discoverable cause; hence an event which has not been expected, a piece of good or bad fortune. From the popular
idea
  that anything of which no assignable cause is known has therefore no cause,
chance
  (Gr. Tbxn) was regarded as having a substantial objective existence, being itself the source of such uncaused phenomena. For the philosophic theories
relating
  to this subject see
ACCIDENTALISM
 .
"
Chance
 ," in the theory of
probability
 , is used in two ways. In the stricter, or mathematical usage, it is synonymous with
probability
 ; i.e. if a particular event may occur in n ways in an aggregate of p events, then the " chance " of the particular event occurring is given by the fraction n/p. In the second usage, the "chance" is regarded as the ratio of the number of ways which a particular event may occur to the number of ways in which it may not occur; mathematically expressed, this chance is n/(p-n) (see PROBABILITY). In the
English
  law
relating
  to gaming and wagering a distinction is
drawn
  between
games
  of chance and
games
  of skill (see GAMING AND WAGERING).


End of Article: CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ")


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