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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHAMPARAN, or CWJMPARUN

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 829 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAU-CHA
CHAMPARAN, or CWJMPARUN , a
district
  of British India, in the Patna division of Bengal, occupying the north-west corner of Behar, between the two rivers
Gandak
  and Baghmati and the Nepal hills. It has an area of 3531 sq. m. In 1901 the
population
  was 1,790,463, showing a decrease of 4% in the decade. A broad grass-covered road or embankment defines the Nepal frontier, except where rivers or streams form a natural
boundary. The
district
  is a vast level except in the N. and N.W., where it undulates, and gradually assumes a rugged
appearance
  as it approaches the mountains and forests of Nepal. Wide uncultivated tracts cover its north-western corner; the southern and western parts are carefully cultivated, and teem with an active agricultural
population
 . The
principal
  rivers are the
Gandak
 , navigable all the year round, the Buri Gandak, Panch Nadi, Lalbagia, Koja and Teur. Old beds of rivers intersect Champaran in every direction, and one of these forms a chain of lakes which occupy an area of 139 sq. m. in the centre of the district. Champaran, with the rest of Bengal and Behar, was acquired by the British in 1765. Up to 1866 it remained a subdivision of Saran. In that year it was separated and formed into a
separate
  district. The administrative headquarters are at Motihari (population, 13,730);
Bettia
  is the centre of a very large estate; Segauli, still a small military station, was the
scene
  of a massacre during the Mutiny. Champaran was the
chief
  seat of indigo planting in Behar before the decline of that industry. There are about 40 saltpetre refineries. The district suffered severely from drought in 1866 and 1874, and again in 1897. In the last year a small government canal was opened, and a canal from the Gandak has also been constructed. The district is traversed almost throughout its length to
Bettia
  by the Tirhoot state railway. A considerable
trade
  is conducted with Nepal.


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