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Encyclopedia Britannica



CHAETOSOMATIDA

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 799 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAU-CHA
CHAETOSOMATIDA , a small
group
  of
minute
 , free-living, aquatic organisms which are usually placed as an annex to the Nematoda. Indeed Mechnikov, to whom we owe much of our knowledge of these forms, calls them " creeping Nematoda." They are usually found amongst seaweed in temperate seas, but they are probably widely distributed; some are fresh-water. The genus Chaetosoma, with the two species Ch. claparedii and Ch. ophicephalum and the genus Tristicochaeta, have swollen heads. The third genus Rhabdogaster has no such distinct head, though the
body
  may be swollen anteriorly. The mouth is terminal and anterior and surrounded by a ring of spicules or a half-ring of hooks. Scattered hairs cover the
body
 . Just in front of the anus there is in Chaetosoma a
double
 , and in Tristicochaeta a triple row of about fifteen stout cylindrical projections upon which the animals creep. The females are a little larger than the males; in Ch. claparedii the former attain a length of 1.5 mm., the latter of I.I2 mm. The mouth opens into an oesophagus which passes into an
intestine
 ; this opens by a ventral anus situated a little in front of the posterior end. The testis is single, and its duct opens with the anus, and is provided with a couple of spicules. The ovary is
double
 , and the oviducts open by a median ventral
pore
  about the
middle
  of the body; in this region there is a second swelling both in Chaetosoma and in Rhabdogaster. The last-named form is in the
female
  o36 mm. in length. In it the hairs are confined to the dorsal
middle
  line and the creeping setae are hooked, of a finer structure than in Chaetosoma, and situated so far forward that the vagina opens amongst them. Ch. ophicephalum has been taken in the
English
  Channel.
See E. Mechnikov, Zeitschr. wiss.- Zool. xvii., 1867, p. 537; Panceri, Atti Acc. Napoli, vii., 1878, p. 7. (A. E. S.)


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