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Encyclopedia Britannica



CAVALIER

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 563 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAU-CHA
CAVALIER , a horseman, particularly a horse-soldier or one of gentle
birth
  trained in knightly exercises. The word is taken from one of the French words which derived ultimately from the
Late
  Lat. caballarius, a horseman, from Lat. caballus, properly a
pack
 -horse, which gave the Fr. cheval, a chevalier. This last word is the regular French for " knight," and is chiefly used in English for a member of certain foreign military or other orders, particularly of the Legion of Honour. Cavalier in English was early applied in a contemptuous sense to an overbearing swashbucklera roisterer or swaggering gallant. In Shakespeare (2
Henry
  IV. v. iii. 62) Shallow. calls Bardolph's companions " cavaleros." " Cavalier " is chiefly associated with the Royalists, the supporters of Charles I. in the struggle with the
Parliament
  in .the
Great
  Rebellion. Here again it first appears as a term of reproach and contempt, applied by the opponents of the king. Charles in the Answer to the Petition (June 13, 1642) speaks of cavaliers as a " word by what mistake soever it seemes much in disfavour." Further quotations of the use of the word by the Parliamentary party are given in the New English Dictionary. It was soon adopted (as a title of honour) by the king's party, who in return applied Roundhead to their opponents, and at the Restoration the court party preserved the name, which survived till the rise of the term Tory (see WHIG AND Toxy). The term " cavalier " has been adopted from the French as a term in fortification for a
work
  of
great
  command constructed in the
interior of a fort,
bastion
  or other defence, so as to fire over the main
parapet
  without interfering with the fire of the latter. A greater volume of fire can thus be obtained, but the great height of the cavalier makes it an easy target for a besieger's guns.


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