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Encyclopedia Britannica



CASTILHO, ANTONIO FELICIANO DE (1800-1875)

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 476 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAR-CAU
CASTILHO, ANTONIO FELICIANO DE (1800-1875) , Portuguese man of letters, was born at Lisbon. He lost his sight at the age of six, but the devotion of his brother Augusto, aided by a retentive memory, enabled him to go through his school and university course with success; and he acquired an almost complete mastery of the Latin language and literature. His first
work
  of importance, the Cartels de Echo e Narciso (1821), belongs to the pseudo-classical school in which he had been brought up, but his romantic leanings became apparent in the Primavera (1822) and in Amor e
Melancholia
  (1823), two volumes of honeyed and prolix bucolic poetry. In the poetic legends A noite de Castello (1836) and Cuimes do bardo (1838)
Castilho
  appeared as a full-blown Romanticist. These books exhibit the defects and qualities of all his
work
 , in which lack of ideas and of creative imagination and an atmosphere of artificiality are ill compensated for by a certain emotional charm,
great
  purity of diction and melodious versification. Belonging to the didactic and descriptive school,
Castilho
  saw nature as all sweetness, pleasure and beauty, and he lived in a dreamland of his imagination. A fulsome epic on the succession of King John VI. brought him an office of profit at Coimbra. On his return from a stay in Madeira, he founded the Revista Universal Lisbonense, in imitation of Herculano's Panorama, and his profound knowledge of the Portuguese classics served him well in the introduction and notes to a very useful publication, the Livraria Classica Portugueza (18451847, 25 vols.), while two years later he established the " Society of the Friends of Letters and the Arts." A study on Camoens and treatises on metrification and mnemonics followed from his pen. His praise-worthy zeal for popular instruction led him to take up the study of pedagogy, and in 185o he brought out his Leitura Repentina, a method of reading which was named after him, and he became government commissary of the schools which were destined to put it into practice. Going to Brazil in 1854, he there wrote his famous "
Letter
  to the Empress." Though Castilho's lack of strong individuality and his over-
great
  respect for authority prevented him from achieving
original
  work of real merit, yet his translations of Anacreon, Ovid and Virgil and the Chave do Enigma, explaining the romantic incidents that led to his first
marriage
  with D. Maria de Baena, a niece of the satirical poet Tolentino, and a descendant of Antonio
Ferreira
 , reveal him as a master of form and a purist in language. His versions of Goethe's Faust and Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream, made without a knowledge of German and English, scarcely added to his reputation. When the Coimbra question arose in 1865,
Garrett
  was dead and Herculano had ceased to write, leaving Castilho supreme, for the moment, in the realm of letters. But the youthful Anthero de Quental withstood his claim to direct the rising generation and attacked his superannuated leadership, and after a fierce war of pamphlets Castilho was dethroned. The rise of Joao de Deus reduced him to a secondary position in the Portuguese
Parnassus
 , and when he died ten years later much of his former fame had preceded him to the tomb.
See also " Memorias de Castilho" in the Instituto of Coimbra; .Innocencio da Silva in Diccionario bibliographic() Portuguez, i. 130 and viii. 132: Latino Coelho's study in the Revista Gontemporanea de Portugal e Brazil, vols. i. and ii. ; Dr Theophilo Braga, Historia do Romantismo (Lisbon, 188o). (E. PR.)


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