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Encyclopedia Britannica



CASIMIR III

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 446 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAR-CAU
CASIMIR III ., called " THE
GREAT
 ," king of Poland (1310-r370), the son of Wladislaus Lokietek, king of Poland, and Jadwiga, princess of Kalisch, was born at Kowal in Kujavia in 1310. Casimir belongs to that remarkable group of
late
  medieval sovereigns who may be called the fathers of modern diplomacy, inasmuch as they relegated warfare to its proper place as the
instrument
  of politics, and preferred the council-chamber to the battle-field. He was educated at the court of Charles Robert of
Hungary
 , who had married Casimir's beautiful
sister
  Elizabeth, and who gave his brother-in-law an excellent education under Italian masters. In his youth Casimir was considered frivolous and licentious; while his sudden flight from the field of Plowce, the scene of his father's
great
  victory over the Teutonic knights, argued but poorly for his personal courage. When, therefore, he ascended the Polish throne in 1333, the future of his country, which then consisted of little more than the lately reunited provinces of Great and Little Poland, seemed dark indeed; especially as she was still at war with the Teutonic Order and with John of Luxemburg, king of Bohemia, who claimed the crown of Poland also. Fortunately Casimir was a man of penetrating genius. His father had been a hero who
Anacardium occidentale, Cashew Nut plant, belonging to the
nat. ord. Anacardiaceae.
i. Branch (reduced), bearing
flowers
  and fruit. The fruit-stalks are enlarged in a pear-like form, bearing the nut (the true fruit) at their
apex
 . Flower expanded.
Stamen and pistil, with the calyx; one fertile stamen longer than the others.
4. Stamen separated.
5. Nut constituting the fruit.
6. Nut opened longitudinally.
7. Seed separated from the
nut.
8. Cotyledons opened to show the radicle a, and the plumule.
2. 3.
the name of cashew apple. By fermentation it yields an alcoholic beverage, from which a spirit for drinking is distilled in the West Indies and Brazil. The
stem
  of the tree yields a gum analogous to gum arabic.


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