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Encyclopedia Britannica



CARNUTES (Carnuti, Carnutae, Kapvovri'vot in Plutarch)

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 378 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAR-CAU
CARNUTES (Carnuti, Carnutae, Kapvovri'vot in Plutarch) , a Celtic
people
  of central Gaul, between the Sequana (Seine)' and the Liger (Loire). Their territory corresponded to the dioceses of Chartres, Orleans and Blois, that is, the greater
part
  of the modern departments of Eure-et-Loir, Loiret, Loir-et-Cher. It was regarded as the political and religious centre of the Gallic nation. The
chief
  towns were Cenabum (not Genabum; Orleans) and Autricum (Chartres). According to Livy (v. 34) the Carnutes were one of the tribes which accompanied Bellovesus in his invasion of Italy during the reign of Tarquinius Prisms. In the time of Caesar they were dependents of the Remi, who on one occasion interceded for them. In 52 they joined in the rebellion of Vercingetorix. As a
punishment
  for the treacherous murder of some Roman merchants and one of Caesar's commissariat
officers
  at Cenabum, the town was burnt and the inhabitants put to the sword or sold as slaves. During the war they sent 12,000 men to relieve Alesia, but shared in the defeat of the Gallic army. Having attacked the Bituriges Cubi, who appealed to Caesar for assistance, they were forced to submit. Under
Augustus
 , the Carnutes, as one of the peoples of Lugdunensis, were raised to the rank of ci ltas socia or foederata, retaining their own institutions, and only bound to render military service to the emperor. Up to the 3rd
century
  Autricum (later Carnutes, whence Chartres) was the
capital
 , but in 275 Aurelian changed Cenabum from a vicus into a civitas and named it Aurelianum or Aurelianensis urbs (whence Orleans).
See Caesar, Bell.
Gall
 . v. 25, 29, vii. 8, 11, 75, viii. 5, 31; Strabo
iv. pp. 191-193; R. Boutrays, Urbis gentisque Carnutum hisloria (1624); A. Desjardins, Geographie historique de la Gaule, ii. (1876-1893) article and bibliography in La Grande Encyclopedie; T. R. Holmes, Caesar's Conquest of Gaul (1899), p. 402, on Cenabum.


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