CARMONA

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 359 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAR-CAU

CARMONA , a town of

south

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

-western Spain, in the province of Seville; 27 M. N.E. of Seville by rail. Pop. (1900) 17,215. Carmona is built on a

ridge

overlooking the central plain of Andalusia, from the Sierra Morena, on the north, to the

peak

PEAK, THE

of San Cristobal, on the

south

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

. It has a thriving trade in wine, olive oil, grain and cattle; and the annual

fair

FAIR

, which is held in April, affords good opportunity of observing the costumes and customs of southern Spain. The citadel of Carmona, now in ruins, was formerly the principal fortress of Peter the Cruel (1350-1369), and contained a spacious palace within its defences. The principal entrance to the town is an old Moorish gateway; and the gate on the road to

Cordova

CORDOVA (Span. C6rdoba)
CORDOVA (Span. Cordoba; Lat. Corduba)

is partly of Roman construction. Portions of the ancient college of San Teodomir are of Moorish architecture, and the tower of the church of San Pedro is an imitation of the Giralda at Seville.
In 1881 a large Roman necropolis was discovered close to the town, beside the Seville road. It contains many rock-hewn sepulchral chambers, with niches for the cinerary urns, and occasionally with vestibules containing stone seats (triclinia). In 1881 an amphitheatre, and another group of tombs, all belonging to the first four centuries A.D., were disinterred near the

original

ORIGINAL

necropolis, and a small museum, maintained by the Carmona archaeological society, is filled with the mosaics,

inscriptions

INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

, portrait-heads and other antiquities found here.
Carmona, the Roman Carmo, was the strongest city of Further Spain in the time of Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.), and its strength was greatly increased by the Moors, who surrounded it with a

wall

WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the
original
- ORIGINAL
O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

and ornamented it with fountains and palaces. In 1247 Ferdinand III. of Castile took the city, and bestowed on it the motto Sicut Lucifer lucet in Aurora, sic in Wandalia Carmona (" As the Morning-

star

STAR

shines in the Dawn, so shines Carmona in Andalusia ").
For an account of the antiquities of Carmona, see Estudios arqueologicos e historicos, by M. Sales y Ferre (Madrid, 1887).

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