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Encyclopedia Britannica



CARLOS I

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 343 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAR-CAU
CARLOS I . (1863-1908), king of Portugal, the third sovereign of Portugal of the line of Braganza-Coburg, son of King Louis I. and Maria Pia, daughter of King
Victor
  Emmanuel of Italy, was born on the 28th of September 1863. When about twenty years of age he spent a considerable time in travelling, visiting England in 1883. On the 22nd of May 1886 he married Marie Amelie, daughter of Philippe, duc d'Orleans, comte de Paris, and on the death of his father (,9th of October 1889) he succeeded to the throne of Portugal. In that year the British government found it necessary to make formal remonstrances against Portuguese encroachments in South Africa, and relations between the two countries were greatly strained for some time. The king's attitude during this
critical
  period was one of conciliation, and his temperate, though firm, speech on opening the
Cortes
  in January 1890 did much to strengthen the party of peace. In 1900-1901 also his friendly attitude towards
Great
  Britain was shown by cordial toasts at a banquet to the officers of the British
fleet
  at Lisbon. King Carlos distinguished himself as a patron of science and literature, and was himself an artist
of some repute. In March 1894 he took a very active part in the celebration of the 5ooth anniversary of the
birth
  of Prince
Henry
  the Navigator, and a year later he decorated the Portuguese poet, Joao de Deus, with much honour at Lisbon. He took a
great
  personal
interest
  in deep-sea soundings and marine exploration, and published an account of some of his own investigations, the results themselves being shown at an oceanographic exhibition opened by him on the 12th of April 1897. In May 1907 the king suspended the constitution of Portugal and temporarily appointed Senhor Franco as dictator with a view to carrying out certain necessary reforms. Some discontent was aroused by this proceeding; this was increased by Franco's drastic
measures
 , and on the 1st of February 1908 King Carlos and his elder son, Louis, duke of Braganza (1887-1908), were assassinated whilst driving through the streets of Lisbon. The king was succeeded by his only surviving son, Manuel, duke of Beja (b. 1889), who took the title of Manuel II.
See S. M. El Rei D. Carlos I. e sua obra artislica e scientific (Lisbon, 1908).


End of Article: CARLOS I


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