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Encyclopedia Britannica



CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 293 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAL-CAR
CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus) , a
chief
  or leader, in various connexions, but particularly a grade officer in the army or navy.
At sea the name of captain is given to all who command ships whether they belong to the military navy of their country or not, or whether they hold the substantive rank or not. Thus a lieutenant when in command of a vessel is addressed as captain. i293
In France a naval lieutenant is addressed as mon capitaine, because he has that comparative rank in the army. The master of a merchant ship is known as her captain. But the name is also used in the strict sense of foreman, or head man, to describe many of the
minor
  or " petty " officers of a British or American man-of-warthe captain of a top, of the forecastle, or of a gun. The title " post captain " in the British navy means simply full captain, and is the equivalent of the French capitaine de vaisseau. It had its origin in the fact that captains appointed to a ship of twenty guns and upwards were included in, or " posted " on, the permanent
list
  of captains from among whom the admirals were chosen. The captain of the
fleet
  is an officer who acts as
chief
  of the staff to an admiral commanding a large force. The position is equivalent to flag rank, but is held by a captain. Staff captain is the highest grade of the officers entrusted with the nayigation of a ship or
fleet
 .
The military rank of captain (Fr. capitaine, Ger. Hauptmann, or in the cavalry, Rittmeister) , which was formerly the title of an officer of high rank corresponding to the modern general officer or colonel, has with the
gradual
  subdivision and articulation of armies, come to be applied to the commanders of companies or squadrons, and in general to officers of the grade equivalent to this command (see OFFICERS).
The title of " captain-general " was formerly used in the general sense of a military
commander
 -in-chief, and is still similarly used in Spain. In the Spanish army there are eight captains-general, each of whom has command of a " region " corresponding to an army corps
district
 . The same title was formerly given to the Spanish governors of the colonial provinces in the New World. The official title of the
governor
  of Jamaica is " captain-general and
governor
 -in-chief."


End of Article: CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)


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