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Encyclopedia Britannica



CALYDON (Kaw&iav)

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 79 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAL-CAR
CALYDON (Kaw&iav) , an ancient town of Aetolia, according to Pliny, 71 Roman m. from the sea, on the river Euenus. It was said to have been founded by Calydon, son of Aetolus; to have been the
scene
  of the
hunting
 , by
Meleager
  and other heroes, of the famous Calydonian boar, sent by Artemis to lay
waste
  the fields; and to have taken
part
  in the Trojan war. In historical times it is first mentioned (391 B.C.) as in the possession of the Achaeans, who retained it for twenty years, by the assistance of the Lacedaemonian king, Agesilaus, notwithstanding the attacks of the Arcarnanians. After the battle of
Leuctra
  (371 B.C.) it was restored by Epaminondas to the Aetolians. In the time of Pompey it was a town of importance; butAugustus removed its inhabitants to Nicopolis, which he founded to commemorate his victory at Actium (31 B.C.). The walls of Calydon are almost certainly to be recognized, in the Kastro of Kurtaga. These comprise a circuit of over 2 m., with one large gate and five smaller ones, and are situated on a hill on the right or west bank of the Euenus. Remains of large
terrace
  walls outside the town probably indicate the position of the temple of Artemis Laphria, whose gold and
ivory
  statue was transferred to Patras, together probably with her
ritual
 . This included a sacrifice in which all kinds of beasts, wild and tame, were driven into a wooden pyre and consumed.
See W. M. Leake, Travels in N.
Greece
 , i. p. I09, iii. pp. 533 sqq. W. J. Woodhouse, Aetolia, pp. 95 sqq. (E. GR.)


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