CALNE

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 59 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAL-CAR

CALNE , a market town and municipal borough in the Chippenham parliamentary division of Wiltshire, England, 99 M. west of London by the Great Western railway. Pop. (1901) 3457. Area, 356 acres. It lies in the valley of the Calne, and is surrounded by the high table-land of Salisbury Plain and the Marlborough Downs. The church of St Mark has a nave with

double

aisles, and massive

late

LATE

Norman pillars and arches. The tower, which fell in 1628, was perhaps rebuilt by Inigo Jones. Other noteworthy buildings are a grammar school, founded by John Bentley in 166o, and the town-

hall

. Bacon-curing is the staple industry, and there are flour, flax and

paper

PAPER
PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

mills. The manufacture of broadcloth, once of great importance, is almost extinct. Caine is governed by a mayor, four aldermen and twelve councillors.
In the loth century Caine (Canna, Kalne) was the site of a palace of the West-Saxon kings. Caine was the scene of the synod of 978 when, during the discussion of the question of

celibacy

CELIBACY (Lat. caelibatus, from caelebs, unmarried)

, the floor suddenly gave way beneath the councillors, leaving Archbishop Dunstan alone

standing

STANDING

upon a beam. Here also a witenagemot was summoned in 997. In the Domes-day Survey Caine appears as a royal borough; it comprised

forty

FORTY

-seven burgesses and was not assessed in hides. In 1565 the borough possessed a gild merchant, at the head of which were two gild stewards. Caine claimed to have received a charter from Stephen and a confirmation of the same from Henry III., but no record of these is extant, and the charter actually issued to the borough by James II. in 1687 apparently never came into force. The borough returned two members to parliament more or less irregularly from the first parliament of Edward I. until the Reform Bill of 1832. From this date the borough returned one member only until, by the Redistribution of Seats Act of 1885, the privilege was annulled. In 1303 Lodovicus de Bello Monte,prebendary of Salisbury, obtained a grant of a Saturday market at the manor of Caine, and a three days'

fair

FAIR

at the feast of St Mary Magdalene; the latter was only abandoned in the 19th century. Caine was formerly one of the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

centres of cloth manufacture in the west of England, but the industry is extinct.

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