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Encyclopedia Britannica



CALIXTUS, GEORG (1586-1656)

This article appears in Volume V05, Page 55 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CAL-CAR
CALIXTUS, GEORG (1586-1656) , Lutheran divine, was born at Medelby, a
village
  of Schleswig, in 1586. After studying philology, philosophy and theology at Helmstedt, Jena, Giessen, Tubingen and
Heidelberg
 , he travelled through Holland, France and England, where he became acquainted with the leading Reformers. On his return in 1614 he was appointed professor of theology at Helmstedt by the duke of Brunswick, who had admired the ability he displayed when a
young
  man in a dispute with the Jesuit Augustine Turrianus. In 1613 he published a book, Disputationes de Praecipuis Religionis Christianae Capitibus, which provoked the hostile criticism of orthodox scholars; in 1619 he published his Epitome theologiae, and some years later his Theologia Moralis (1634) and De Arte Nova Nihusii. Roman Catholics felt them to be aimed at their own system, but they gave so
great
  offence to
Lutherans
  as to induce Statius Buscher to charge the author with a
secret
  leaning to Romanism. Scarcely had he refuted the accusation of Buscher, when, on account of
his intimacy with the Reformed divines at the conference of Thorn (1645), and his desire to effect a reconciliation between them and the
Lutherans
 , a new charge was preferred against him, principally at the instance of Abraham Calovius (1612-1686), of a
secret
  attachment to Calvinism. In fact, the
great
  aim of his life was to reconcile Christendom by removing all unimportant differences. The disputes to which this attitude gave rise, known in the Church as the Syncretistic controversy, lasted during the whole lifetime of Calixtus, and distracted the Lutheran church, till a new controversy arose with P. J. Spener and the Pietists of
Halle
 . Calixtus died in 1656.
There is a monograph on Calixtus by E. L. T. Henke (2 vols., 1853-1856) ; see also Isaak Dorner, Gesch: d. protest. Theol. pp. 606-624; and especially
Herzog
 -Hauck, Realencyklopadie.


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