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Encyclopedia Britannica



CALATAYUD

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 968 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BUN-CAL
CALATAYUD , a town of central Spain, in the province of
Saragossa
 , at the confluence of the rivers Jalen and Jiloca, and on the Madrid-
Saragossa
  and Calatayfid-Sagunto railways. Pop. (1900) 11,526. Calatayud consists of a
lower
  town, built on the left bank of the Jalbn, and an upper or Moorish town, which contains many dwellings hollowed out of the
rock
  above and inhabited by the poorer classes. Among a number of ecclesiastical buildings, two collegiate churches are especially
note
 -worthy. Santa Maria, originally a mosque, has a lofty octagonal tower and a fine Renaissance doorway, added in 1528; while Santo Sepulcro, built in 1141, and restored in 1613, was
long
  the
principal
 
church
  of the Spanish Knights Templar. In commercial importance Calatayud ranks second only to Saragossa among the Aragonese towns, for it is the central market of the exceptionally fertile expanse watered by the Jal6n and Jiloca. About 2 m. E. are the ruins of the ancient Bilbilis, where the poet Martial was born c. A.D. 40. It was celebrated for its breed of horses, its armourers, its gold and its
iron
 ; but Martial also mentions its unhealthy climate, due to the icy winds which sweep down fromthe heights of Moncayo (7705 ft.) on the north. In the middle ages the ruins were almost destroyed to provide stone for the building of Calatayud, which was founded by a Moorish amir named Ayub and named Kalat Ayub, " Castle of Ayub." Calatayid was captured by
Alphonso
  I. of Aragon in 1119.


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