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Encyclopedia Britannica



CAIRN (in Gaelic and Welsh, Carn)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 950 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BUN-CAL
CAIRN (in Gaelic and Welsh, Carn) , a heap of stones piled up in a conical form. In modern times
cairns
  are often erected as landmarks. In ancient times they were erected as sepulchral monuments. The Duan Eireanach, an ancient Irish poem, describes the erection of a family
cairn
 ; and the Senchus Mor, a collection of ancient Irish
laws
 , prescribes a fine of three threeyear-old heifers for " not erecting the tomb of thy
chief
 ." Meetings of the tribes were held at them, and the inauguration of a
CAIRNES
 
new
chief
  took place on the
cairn
  of one of his predecessors. It is mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters that, in 1225, the O'Connor was inaugurated on the cairn of Fraech, the son of Fiodhach of the red
hair
 . In medieval times
cairns
  are often referred to as boundary marks, though probably not originally raised for that purpose. In a charter by King Alexander IL (1221), granting the lands of Burgyn to the monks of Kinloss, the boundary is described as passing " from the
great
  oak in Malevin as far as the Rune Pictorum," which is explained as " the Carne of the Pecht's fieldis." In Highland districts small cairns used to be erected, even in
recent
  times, at places where the coffin of a distinguished person was " rested " on its way to the churchyard. Memorial cairns are still occasionally erected, as, for instance, the cairn raised in memory of the prince
consort
  at Balmoral, and" Maule's Cairn," in Glenesk, erected by the
earl
  of Dalhousie in 1866, in memory of himself and certain friends specified by name in the inscription placed upon it. (See BARROW.)


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