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Encyclopedia Britannica



CAESAREA PALAESTINA

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 943 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BUN-CAL
CAESAREA PALAESTINA , a town built by
Herod
  about 25-13 B.C., on the sea-
coast
  of Palestine, 30 M. N. of Joppa, on the site of a place previously called Turris Stratonis. Remains of all the principal buildings erected by
Herod
  existed down to the end of the 19th century; the ruins were much injured by a colony of Bosnians established here in 1884. These buildings are a temple, dedicated to Caesar; a theatre; a hippodrome; two aqueducts; a boundary
wall
 ; and,
chief
  of all, a gigantic mole, 200 ft. wide, built of stones 5o ft. long, in 20 fathoms of water, protecting the harbour on the
south
  and west. The harbour
measures
  18o yds. across. The massacre of
Jews
  at this place led to the Jewish rebellion and to the Roman war. Vespasian made it a colony and called it Flavia: the old name, however, persisted, and still survives as Kaisarieh. Eusebius was archbishop here (A.D. 315-318). It was captured by the Moslems in 638 and by the Crusaders in 1102, by Saladin in 1187, recaptured by the Crusaders in 119r, and finally lost by them in 1265, since when till its
recent
 
settlement
  it has lain in ruins. Remains of the medieval town are also visible, consisting of the walls (one-tenth the area of the Roman city), the castle, the cathedral (now covered by modern houses), and a church. (R. A. S. M.)


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