CAESAREA MAZACA (mod. Kaisarieh)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 943 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BUN-CAL

CAESAREA MAZACA (mod. Kaisarieh) ,

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

town of a sanjak in the

Angora

ANGORA, or ENGURI

vilayet of Asia

Minor

. Mazaca, the residence of the kings of Cappadocia, later called Eusebea (perhaps after Ariarathes Eusebes), and named Caesarea probably by

Claudius

, stood on a low spur on the north side of Erjies Dagh (M. Argaeus). The site, now called Eski-shehr, shows only a few traces of the old town. It was taken by

Tigranes

TIGRANES, or DIKRAN

and destroyed by the Persian king Shapur (Sapor) I. after his defeat of Valerian in A.U. 260. At this time it is stated to have contained 400,000 inhabitants. In the 4th century Basil, when bishop, established an ecclesiastical centre on the plain, about r m. to the north-

east

EAST
EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

, and this gradually supplanted the old town. A portion of Basil's new city was surrounded with strong walls and turned into a fortress by Justinian; and within the walls, rebuilt in the 13th and 16th centuries, lies the greater part of Kaisarieh, altitude 3500 ft. The town was captured by the Seljuk sultan, Alp Arslan, 1064, and by the Mongols, 1243, before passing to the Osmanli Turks. Its geographical situation has made it a place of commercial importance throughout history. It lay on the ancient trade route from Sinope to the Euphrates, on the Persian " Royal Road " from Sardis to Susa, and on the

great

GREAT

Roman highway from Ephesus to the

East

EAST
EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

. It is still the most important trade centre in eastern Asia

Minor

. The town is noted for its fruit, especially its vines; and it exports tissues, carpets, hides, yellow berries and dried fruit. Kaisarieh is the headquarters of the American mission in Cappadocia, which has several churches and schools for boys and girls and does splendid medical

work

WORK

. It is the seat of a Greek bishop, an Armenian archbishop and a Roman Catholic bishop, and there is a Jesuit school. On the 3oth of November 1895 there was a massacre of Armenians, in which several Gregorian priests and

Protestant

PROTESTANT

pastors lost their lives. Pop., according to Cuinet, 71,000 (of whom 26,000 are Christians). Sir C. Wilson gave it as 5o,000 (23,000 Christians). (C. W. W.; J. G. C. A.)

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