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Encyclopedia Britannica



BURFORD

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 812 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BUN-CAL
BURFORD , a market town In the Woodstock parliamentary division of Oxfordshire, England, 18 m. W.N.W. of Oxford. Pop. (19o1) 1146. It is pleasantly situated in the valley of the Windrush, the broad, picturesque main street sloping upward from the stream, beside which stands the fine church, to the summit of the
ridge
  flanking the valley on the south, along which runs the high road from Oxford. The church of St John the Baptist has a
nave
  and aisles, mainly Perpendicular in appearance owing to alterations in that period, but actually of
earlier. construction, the south aisle flanked by two beautiful chapels and an ornate porch; transepts and a central tower, and choir with flanking chapels. The massive Norman tower contrasts strongly with the delicate Perpendicular spire rising upon it. The church contains many interesting memorials, and, in the
nave
 , a Perpendicular shrine dedicated to St Peter. Near the church is the half-ruined priory
house
 , built in the 17th century, and containing much fine plaster ornament characteristic of the period; a curious chapel adjoins it. William Lenthall, speaker of the Long
Parliament
 , was granted this mansion, died here in 1662, and is buried in the church. In the High Street nearly every
house
  is of some antiquity. The Tolsey or old town
hall
  is noteworthy among them; and under one of the houses is an Early English crypt. Burford is mentioned as the scene of a synod in 705; in 752 Cuthred, king of the West
Saxons
 , fighting for independence, here defeated IEthelbald, king of Mercia; and in 1649 the town and
district
  were the scene of victorious operations by Cromwell.


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