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Encyclopedia Britannica



BUKHART [Mahommed ibn Ismail al-Bukhari] (810-872)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 771 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BRI-BUN
BUKHART [Mahommed ibn Ismail al-Bukhari] (810-872) , Arabic author of the most generally accepted collection of traditions (hadith) from Mahomet, was born at
Bokhara
  (Bukhara), of an Iranian family, in A.H. 194 (A.D. 810). He early distin guished himself in the learning of traditions by heart, and when, in his sixteenth year, his family made the
pilgrimage
  to Mecca, he gathered additions to his
store
  from the authorities along the route. Already, in his eighteenth year, he had devoted himself to the collecting, sifting, testing and arranging of traditions. For that purpose he travelled over the Moslem world, from
Egypt
  to Samarkand, and learned (as the story goes) from over a thousand men three hundred thousand traditions, true and false. He certainly became the acknowledged authority on the subject, and developed a power and
speed
  of memory
which seemed miraculous, even to his contemporaries. His theological position was conservative and
anti
 -rationalistic; he enjoyed the friendship and respect of Ahmad Ibn Uanbal. In law, he appears to have been a Shafi'ite. After sixteen years' absence he returned to
Bokhara
 , and there drew up his .Sahib, a collection of 7275 tested traditions, arranged in chapters so as to afford bases for a complete system of jurisprudence without the use of speculative law, the first book of its kind (see MAHOMMEDAN LAW). He died in A.H. 256, in banishment at Kartank, a suburb of Samarkand. His book has attained a quasi-canonicity in
Islam
 , being treated almost like the Koran, and to his grave solemn pilgrimages are made, and prayers are believed to be heard there.
See F. Wiistenfeld, Schafa'iten, 78 ff.; MG. de Slane's transl. of Ibn Khallikan, i. 594 ff. ; I.
Goldziher
 , Mohammedanische Studien, ii. 157 ff. ; Nawawi, Biogr. Diet. 86 if. (D. B. MA.)


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