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Encyclopedia Britannica



BRUNE, GUILLAUME MARIE ANNE (1763-1815)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 681 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BRI-BUN
BRUNE, GUILLAUME MARIE ANNE (1763-1815) , marshal of France, the son of an advocate, was born at Brives-la-Gaillarde (Correze), on the 13th of March 1763. Before the Revolution he went to Paris to study law, and here he became a political journalist, a Jacobin and a friend of Danton. He was appointed
in 1793 to a superior command in the army direct from civil life, and as a general of brigade he took part in the fighting of the 13th Vendemiaire. In 1796 he fought under Bonaparte in Italy, and was promoted general of division for good service in the field. In r 708 he commanded the French army which occupied Switzer-land, and in the following year he was in command of the French troops in Holland. His defence of Amsterdam against the Anglo-Russian expedition under the duke of
York
  was completely successful; the invaders were defeated, and compelled, after a miserable
retreat
 , to re-embark. He rendered further good service in Vendee and in Italy, and was made a marshal by
Napoleon
  on the assumption by the latter of the imperial title in 1804. In 1807
Brune
  held a command in North Germany, but he was not afterwards employed during the First Empire. It is said that he was accused of venality, and on that account disgraced, but of this there is no proof. He was recalled to active service during the Hundred Days, and as
commander
  of the army of the Var he defended the
south
  of France against the Austrians. He was murdered by royalists during the White Terror at Avignon on the 2nd of August 1815.
See Notice historique sur la vie politique et militaire du marechal
Brune
  (Paris, 1821), and Vermeil de Conchard, L'Assassinat du marechal Brune (Paris, 1887).


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