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Encyclopedia Britannica



BRUCITE

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 677 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BRI-BUN
BRUCITE , a
mineral
  consisting of magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2, and crystallizing in the rhombohedral system. It was first described in 1814 as " native
magnesia
  from New
Jersey
  by A. Bruce, an American mineralogist, after whom the species was named by F. S. Beudant in 1824; the same name had, however, been earlier applied to the
mineral
  now known as chondrodite. Brucite is usually found as platy masses, some-times of considerable size, which have a perfect cleavage parallel to the surface of the plates. It is white, sometimes with a tinge of grey, blue or green, varies from transparent to translucent, and on the cleavage surfaces has a pronounced pearly lustre. In general
appearance
  and softness (H= 2Z) it is thus not unlike gypsum or
talc
 , but it may be readily distinguished from these by its optical character, being uniaxial with positive birefringence, whilst gypsum is biaxial and
talc
  has negative birefringence. The specific gravity is 2.382.40. In the variety known as nemalite the structure is finely fibrous and the lustre silky: this variety contains 5 to 8 % of ferrous
oxide
  replacing
magnesia
 , and has consequently a rather higher specific gravity, viz. 2.45. Another variety, manganbrucite, has the magnesia partly replaced by manganous
oxide
  (14 %), and thus forms a passage to the isomorphous mineral pyrochroite, Mn(OH)2.
Brucite is generally associated with other magnesian minerals, such as magnesite and dolomite, and is commonly found in serpentine, or sometimes as small scales in phyllites and crystal-line schists; it has also been observed in metamorphosed magnesian limestone, such as the rock known as predazzite from Predazzo in Tirol. The best crystals and foliated masses are from
Texas
  in
Pennsylvania
 , U.S.A., and from Swinaness in Unst, one of the
Shetland
  Isles, Nemalite is from
Hoboken
 , New
Jersey
 , and from Afghanistan. At all these localities the mineral forms veins in serpentine. (L. J. S.)


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