BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 661 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BRI-BUN

BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896) , English

armour

ARMOUR, PHILIP DANFORTH (1832-1901)

plate

PLATE

manufacturer, was born at Sheffield on the 6th of December 1816, the son of a slater. He was apprenticed when fourteen years old to a Sheffield firm who manufactured files and table cutlery. Impressed with Brown's ability, the senior partner offered him the

control

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

of the. business (

Earl

EARL

Horton and Co.) and advanced some of the necessary

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

. Brown invented in 1848 the conical steel

spring

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger.
springer
- SPRINGER (Fr. rein)
- SPRINGER, ANTON HEINRICH (1825–1891)
, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

buffer for railway wagons, and in 186o, after seeing the French ship "La Gloire" armoured with hammered

plate

PLATE

, he determined to attempt the production of

armour

ARMOUR, PHILIP DANFORTH (1832-1901)

for the British navy by a

rolling

ROLLING

process. The experiment was successful, and led to admiralty orders for armour plate sufficient to protect about three-quarters of the navy. In 1856 Brown had started the Atlas Works in Sheffield, which soon produced, beside armour plates and railway buffers, ordnance forgings, steel rails, railway carriage axles and tires. The works covered thirty acres and employed eventually more than four thousand workmen. Besides supplying iron to the Sheffield steel

trade

, Brown himself successfully developed the Bessemer process. In 1864, after his business had been converted into a limited company, he retired. He died at Bromley, Kent, on the 27th of December 1896. Among the honours conferred upon him was a

knighthood

KNIGHTHOOD

in 1867, the office of mayor of Sheffield in 1862 and 1863, and that of Master Cutler in 1865 and 1866.

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