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Encyclopedia Britannica



BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 661 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BRI-BUN
BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896) , English
armour
 
plate
  manufacturer, was born at Sheffield on the 6th of December 1816, the son of a slater. He was apprenticed when fourteen years old to a Sheffield firm who manufactured files and table cutlery. Impressed with Brown's ability, the senior partner offered him the
control
  of the. business (
Earl
  Horton and Co.) and advanced some of the necessary
capital
 . Brown invented in 1848 the conical steel
spring
  buffer for railway wagons, and in 186o, after seeing the French ship "La Gloire" armoured with hammered
plate
 , he determined to attempt the production of
armour
  for the British navy by a
rolling
  process. The experiment was successful, and led to admiralty orders for armour plate sufficient to protect about three-quarters of the navy. In 1856 Brown had started the Atlas Works in Sheffield, which soon produced, beside armour plates and railway buffers, ordnance forgings, steel rails, railway carriage axles and tires. The works covered thirty acres and employed eventually more than four thousand workmen. Besides supplying iron to the Sheffield steel
trade
 , Brown himself successfully developed the Bessemer process. In 1864, after his business had been converted into a limited company, he retired. He died at Bromley, Kent, on the 27th of December 1896. Among the honours conferred upon him was a
knighthood
  in 1867, the office of mayor of Sheffield in 1862 and 1863, and that of Master Cutler in 1865 and 1866.


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