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Encyclopedia Britannica



BROCHANTITE

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 623 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BRI-BUN
BROCHANTITE , a
mineral
  species consisting of a basic'copper sulphate Cu4(OH)6SO4, crystallizing in the orthorhombic system. The crystals are usually small and are prismatic or acicular in habit; they have a perfect cleavage parallel to the face lettered
a in the adjoining figure. They are trans-parent to translucent, with a vitreous lustre, and are of an
emerald
 -green to blackish - green colour. Specific gravity 3'907; hardness 324. The
mineral
  was first found associated with malachite and native copper in the copper mines of the Urals, and was named by A. Levy in 1824 after A. J. M. Brochant de Villiers. Several varieties, differing somewhat in crystalline form, have been distinguished, some of them having originally been described as distinct species, but afterwards proved to be essentially identical with brochan-
tite; these are konigine from the Urals, brongniartine from
Mexico
 , krisuvigite from Iceland, and warringtonite from
Cornwall
 . Of other localities, mention may be made of Rough-ten Gill, Caldbeck Fells,
Cumberland
 , where small brilliant crystals are associated with malachite and
chrysocolla
  in a quartzose
rock
 ; Rezbanya in the Bihar Mountains,
Hungary
 ; Atacama in Chile, with atacamite, which closely resembles brochantite in general
appearance
 ; the Tintic district in Utah. A microscopical examination of the green copper ores of secondary origin in the Clifton and Morenci district of Arizona proves brochantite to be of extremely common occurrence mostly intergrown with malachite which effectually masks its presence: it is not unlikely that the malachite of other localities will on examination be found to be intergrown with brochantite.
Mention may be here made of another orthorhombic basic copper sulphate not unlike brochantite in general characters, but differing from it in containing water of crystallization and in its fine blue colour; this is the Cornish mineral langite, which has the composition CuSO4.3Cu(OH) 2+ H20. (L. J. S.)


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