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Encyclopedia Britannica



BRIXEN (Ital. Bressanone)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 619 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BRI-BUN
BRIXEN (Ital. Bressanone) , a small city in the Austrian province of
Tirol
 , and the
chief
  town of the administrative
district
  of Brixen. Pop. (1900) 5767. It is situated in the valley of the Eisack, at the confluence of that stream with the Rienz, and is a station on the Brenner railway, being 34 M.
south
 -
east
  of that pass, and 24 M. north-
east
  of
Botzen
 . The aspect of the city is very ecclesiastical; it is still the see of a
bishop
 , and contains an 18th-century cathedral church, an episcopal palace and
seminary
 , twelve churches and five monasteries. The see was founded at the end of the 8th century (possibly of the 6th century) at Saben on the rocky heights above the townt of Klausen (some way to the
south
  of Brixen), but in 992 was transferred to Brixen, which, perhaps a Roman station, became later a royal estate, under the name of Prichsna, and in 901 was given by Louis the Child to the
bishop
 . In 1027 the bishop received from the emperor
Conrad
  II. very extensive temporal powers, which he only lost to Austria in 1803. The town was surrounded in 1030 by walls. In 1525 it was the scene of the first outbreak of the
great
  peasants' revolt. About 51 M. north of Brixen is the
great
  fortress of Franzensfeste, built 1833-1838, to guard the route over the Brenner and the way to the east up the Pusterthal. (W. A. B. C.)


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