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Encyclopedia Britannica



BRITTON

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 618 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BRI-BUN
BRITTON , the title of the earliest summary of the law of England in the French tongue, which purports to have been written by command of King Edward I. The origin and author-ship of the
work
  have been much disputed. It has been attributed to John le
Breton
 , bishop of
Hereford
 , on the authority of a passage found in some MSS. of the history of
Matthew
  of Westminster; there are difficulties, however, involved in this theory, inasmuch as the bishop of
Hereford
  died in 1275, whereas allusions are made in Britton to several statutes passed after that time, and more particularly to the well-known
statute
  Quia emptores terrarum, which was passed in 1290. It was the
opinion
  of Selden that the book derived its title from
Henry
  de Bracton, the last of the
chief
  justiciaries, whose name is sometimes spelled in the fine Rolls " Bratton " and " Bretton," and that it was a royal abridgment of Bracton's
great
 
work
  on the customs and laws of England, with the addition of certain subsequent statutes. The arrangement, however, of the two works is different, and but a small proportion of Bracton's work is incorporated in Britton. The work is entitled in an early MS. of the 14th century, which was once in the possession of Selden, and is now in the
Cambridge
  university library, Summa de legibus Anglie que vocatur Bretone; and it is described as " a book called Bretoun " in the will of Andrew Horn, the learned chamber-lain of the city of London, who bequeathed it to the chamber of the Guildhall in 1329, together with another book called Mirroir des Justices.
Britton was first printed in London by Robert Redman, without a date, probably about the year 1530. Another edition of it was printed in 164o, corrected by E. Wingate. A third edition of it, with an English translation, was published at the University Press, Oxford, 1865, by F. M. Nichol. An English translation of the work without the Latin text had been previously published by R. Kelham in 1762.


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