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Encyclopedia Britannica



BRITISH NEW

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 489 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BRI-BUN
BRITISH NEW
GUINEA
 
The British Territory of Papua has an area of about 90i540 sq. m. and a population estimated at 400,000, of whom about 600 are Europeans. The Protectorate, as declared in 1884, with its seat of government at Port Moresby, was subsidized by the three Australian colonies of Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria, and lasted, under the administration of two successive
special
  commissioners (Major-General Sir Peter Scratchley and the Hon. John Douglas), till the 4th of September 1888, when it was proclaimed by the first Administratorafterwards Lieutenant-GovernorSir William MacGregor, a possession of Queen Victoria. Its constitution was that of a crown colony in association with Queensland; but in 1901 the federal government took
control
  of the territory and in 1906 a proclamation by the
governor
 -general of the commonwealth gave it the name of the Territory of Papua. The lieutenant-
governor
  is aided by an executive and a legislative council, and advised by a native regulation board. Justice is administered by petty sessions in the six magisterial districts into which the possession is divided, with a central court at Port Moresby (which, however, sits elsewhere as necessary) having the jurisdiction of a supreme court, from which in certain cases an appeal lies to the supreme court of Queensland.19,197 in 1905.
Commerce and Trade.The making of mats, fishing-nets, shell ornaments, decorated gourds, and stone implements, and the manufacture of pottery, canoes and sago, constitute the
chief
  native industries, which are the subject of barter between different regions. European industries include gold mining, in which 500 miners, besides natives, are engaged (chiefly in the Louisiade Archipelago), and the beche de mer and pearl-shell fisheries, which were formerly more productive than at present. Copra is naturally largely prepared, as coco-nut palms are very numerous, and are extensively planted every year. A small amount of tortoise-shell is collected. The rubber industry is, according to Sir W. MacGregor, " important and promising." Species of Palaquium, the genus from which, in the Indian Archipelago, the best gutta-percha is obtained, occur on the hills, and from their cultivation there might in time be obtained a large revenue independently of European labour. Timber of economic value is scarce. Red
cedar
  (Cedrilia) abounds in the riverine flats, but the quality is poor and commercially valueless; and oaks are plentiful, but the
wood
  is coarse. Small quantities of ebony and
sandal
 -
wood
  are exported. " There can be no reason-able doubt that the sugar-cane, which is native and present in a great many varieties, sago,
cotton
 , probably also indigenous and of exceptionally fine quality, will eventually be valuable " (MacGregor). The trade of British New
Guinea
  is exclusively with the Australian colonies. Imports were valued at 72,286 in 18991900 (an increase of over 20,110 in the year), and exports (including the gold mines) at 56,167, while in 1905 the figures were 67,188 for imports and 73,669 for exports, and in 1906 79,671 and 80,290 respectively.


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