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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BRI-BUN |
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BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia) , the anglicized form of the classical name of England, Wales and Scotland, sometimes extended to the British Isles as a whole (Brilannicae Insulae). The Greek and Roman forms are doubtless attempts to reproduce a Celtic original
In what follows, the archaeological interest
PRE-ROMAN BRITAIN Geologists are not yet agreed when and by whom Britain was first peopled. Probably the island was invaded by a succession of races. The first, the Paleolithic men, may have died out or retired before successors arrived. During the Neolithic and Bronze Ages we can dimly trace further immigrations. Real knowledge begins with two Celtic invasions, that of the Goidels in the later part of the Bronze Age, and that of the Brythons and Belgae in the Iron Age. These invaders brought Celtic civilization and dialects. It is uncertain how far they were themselves Celtic in blood and how far they were numerous enough to absorb or obliterate the races which they found in Britain. But it is not unreasonable to think that they were no mere conquering caste, and that they were of the same race as the Celtic-speaking peoples of the western continent. By the age of Julius Caesar all the inhabitants of Britain, except perhaps some tribes of the far north, were Celts in speech and customs. Politically they were divided into separate and generally warring tribes, each under its own princes. They dwelt in hill forts with walls of earth or rude stone, or in villages of round huts sunk into the ground and resembling those found .in parts of northern Gaul, or in subterranean chambered houses, or in hamlets of pile
chief
secret lore
Late
wood
late
bear Roman legends, and after Caesar's two raids (55, 54 B.c.) the southern tribes were regarded at Rome, though they do not seem to have regarded themselves, as vassals. Actual conquest was, however, delayed. Augustus
Augustus
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