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Encyclopedia Britannica



BRISSOT, JACQUES PIERRE (1754-1793)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 575 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BRI-BUN
BRISSOT, JACQUES PIERRE (1754-1793) , who assumed the name of DE WARVILLE, a celebrated French Girondist, was born at Chartres, where his father was an inn-keeper, in January 1754.
Brissot
  received a good education and entered the office of a lawyer at Paris. His first works, Theorie *s lois criminelles (.781) and Bibliotheque philosophique du legislateur (1782), were on the philosophy of law, and showed how thoroughly
Brissot
  was imbued with the ethical precepts of Rousseau. The first
work
  was dedicated to Voltaire, and was received by the old philosophe with much favour. Brissot became known as a facile and able writer, and was engaged on the Mercure, on the Courrier de l'Europe, and on other papers. Ardently devoted to the service of humanity, he projected a
scheme
  for a general con-course of all the savants in Europe, and started in London a
paper
 ,
Journal
  du Lycee de Londres, which was to be the organ of their views. The plan was unsuccessful, and soon after his return to Paris Brissot was lodged in the
Bastille
  on the charge of having published a
work
  against the government. He obtained his release after four months, and again devoted himself to pamphleteering, but had speedily to retire for a time to London. On this second visit he became acquainted with some of the leading Abolitionists, and founded later in Paris a Societe des Amis des Noirs, of which he was president during 1790 and 1791. As an agent of this society he paid a visit to the United States in 1788, and in 1791 published his Nouveau Voyage clans les bats-Unis de l'Amerique Septentrionale (3 vols.).
From the first, Brissot threw himself heart and soul into the Revolution. He edited the Patriote francais from 1789 to 1793, and being a well-informed and capable man took a prominent
part
  in affairs. Upon the demolition of the
Bastille
  the keys were presented to him. Famous for his speeches at the Jacobin club, he was elected a member of the municipality of Paris, then of the Legislative Assembly, and later of the National Convention. During the Legislative Assembly his knowledge of foreign affairs enabled him as member of the diplomatic committee practically to direct the foreign policy of France, and the declaration of war against the emperor on the loth of April 1792, and that against England on the 1st of July 1793, were largely due to him. It was also Brissot who gave these wars the character of revolutionary propaganda. He was in many ways the leading spirit of the Girondists, who were also known as Brissotins. Vergniaud certainly was far superior to him in oratory, but Brissot was
quick
 , eager, impetuous, and a man of wide knowledge. But he was at the same time vacillating, and not qualified to struggle against the fierce energies roused by the events of the Revolution. His party fell before the
Mountain
 ; sentence of arrest was passed against the leading members of it on the 2nd of June 1793. Brissot attempted to escape in disguise, but was arrested at Moulins. His demeanour at the trial was quiet and dignified; and on the 31st of October 1793 he died bravely with several other Girondists.
See Memoires de Brissot, sur ses contemporains et la Revolution francaise, published by his sons, with notes by F. de Montrol (Paris, 183o) ;
Helena
  Williams, Souvenirs de la Revolution francaise (Paris, 1827) ; F. A. Aulard, Les Orateurs de la Legislative et de la Convention 2nd ed., Paris, 1905); F. A. Aulard, Les Portraits litteraires a la fin du X VIII' siecle, pendant la Revolution (Paris, 1883).


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