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Encyclopedia Britannica



BRIQUETTE (diminutive of Fr. brique, brick)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 573 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BRI-BUN
BRIQUETTE (diminutive of Fr. brique, brick) , a form of fuel, known also as" patent fuel," consisting of small coal compressed into solid blocks by the aid of some binding material. For making briquettes the small coal, if previously washed, is dried to reduce the moisture to at most 4% , and if necessary crushed in a disintegrator. It is then incorporated in a pug mill with from 8 to to% of gas pitch, and softened by
heating
  to between 70 and 9o C. to a plastic mass, which is moulded into blocks and compacted by a pressure of 1 to 2 tons per sq. in. in a
machine
  with a rotating die-
plate
  somewhat like that used in making semi-plastic clay bricks. When cold, the briquettes, which usually weigh from 7 to 20 lb each, although smaller sizes are made for domestic use, become quite hard, and can be handled with less breakage than the
original
  coal. Their
principal
  use is as' fuel for marine and locomotive boilers, the evaporative value being about the same as, or somewhat greater than, that of coal. The
principal
  seat of the manufacture in
Great
  Britain is in
South
  Wales, where the dust and smalls resulting from the handling of the best steam coals (which are very brittle) are obtainable in large quantities and find no other use. Some varieties of lignite, when crushed and pressed at a steam heat, soften sufficiently to furnish compact briquettes without requiring any cementing.rnatcrial. Briquettes of this kind are made to a large extent from the tertiary lignites in the vicinity of Cologne; they are used mainly for
house
  fuel on the lower Rhine and in Holland, and occasionally come to London.


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